The aim of this brain cancer site, to attract the attention to positive science complementary cure and to help its improvement about all brain cancer, tumors, brain cancer treatments. We struggled too much for some years before the foundation of this site. We told about it both visual and written press. We came together with too many medicine people because of brain cancers, brain tumors and treatment style from Ankara and İstanbul. We formed projects and files for the private medicine centres about brain cancer , tumors and cancer of brain treatment  which of them are among the grand universities. We fighted for the building of the brain cancer and brain cancer treatmant medicine centres that can implement this kind of cures by paying attention to the serious disease map of our country. Our fighting still goes on. There is no example of Alternative Medicine Cure Centres in our country.The brain tumors are usually malignant and grow in the tissue of the brain. The indications are common by taking place tumors. These  brain cancer tumors show some indications related to the location of the tumor. Epilepsy can be occured as the first indication in brain.Metastatic tumors are the ones brain cancer tumors type that form after the spreading of the tumors from the other parts of the body to brain cancer. These tumors show some indications by increasing the pressure of the inside of the brain and forming a default of a nerve system related to the location. This kind of cancer spreadings are the first indications of tumors. These tumors form wide edemas that can be viewed radiologically. Tumor goes on growing irregularly and the growing of the tumor press over the brain that has no chance of growing. As it is seen in the picture of brain, brain loose its normal shape and it can not function. To realize it, you can look cancer at the normal brain tomography. The brain tumors locate symmetrical in both of the brainlobs.Must be search to brain cancer treatment shape.The brain tumors seperate with the regular frontiers in both of the brain lobs. This formation that enters into the normal system, will break the symmetric system and pres on the brain. The indications of cancer of brain are:

1- Headache (expectially in brain)
2- Vomiting ( in the form of bursting)
3- Fainting attacks like epilepsy
4- The indication of paralysis in some parts of the body in the following terms ( according to the location of tumor in the brain )
5- Deformation of character, deformations of the abilities ( like accounting and writing by deformation of brain cells).

It is possible to seperate the brain tumors in to two groups as a cancer.When these indications are shown, it is suspected that the the pressure of the inside of the brain increase. For the certain diagnose, brain tomography and MR is needed to monitorize the inside of the head and brain.
1- Non-cancerous (benign) tumors: These brain tumors grow slowly without treatment. Even these brain tumors leave the brain tissue easily and all of the brain tumors or nearly of them can be taken out as some other cancer types.  So the results after cancer the operation are really positive as right treatment of brain cancer to take out of tumors from the brain or stop to grown up in brain. But when the tumor locates in the touchy place, cancer what a pity that the results are not good.Must be tried the other treatment style maybe.
2- Cancerous (malignant) tumors: they grow fast as the other cancer type. These cancer brain tumors are in the form of mud. So that these brain tumors can not be taken cancer out as a whole of brain. They go on growing after opreation and cancer pres on the brain. It is also possible to differentiate the malignant tumors of brain according to the procreation speed. There also cancer some cancers that gives the brain chance of 5-6 years life span, but even there are cancer some malignant tumors that results in death in 5-6 months after operation for treatment of brain cancer.The cure of the brain tumors are surgical. Even it is benign or malignant, all of the tumors can be cured surgically. But in some conditions it is not possible to implement surgical operationsto get right brain cancer treatment. When the tumor is located in the risky area where it is not possible to touch , it can be leaved there for the reason of life risk. Under these conditions, the radiotherapy and chemotherapy are implemented.
Some cancer tumors that forms in the other parts of the body can be spread out the brain. That is called as cancer metastasis. Especially lung cancers, hepatic cancers and some other cancer types spread out the brain and they are malignant cancer tumors. Even the surgical operations are implemented, the results are not positive. When there are some spreadings more than one, also the surgical operation is not implemented to treatment. Treatment of cancer gets more hard. Sick one expose to radiotherapy and chemotherapy as a first serious cancer treatment type.
Brain cancer into the bone structure of the skull was tested to get different treatments. Brain cancer cells to multiply without control of brain cancer tumors, the origin of brain cells, such as occur in other organs may also occur with the spread of the cancer cells. The tumor volume increases because of the brain and skull can cancer of brain not expand in the brain is compressed, the head will lead to increased internal pressure. Symptoms are usually related comes place for brain cancer.The ill person because of brain cancer : Headache, nausea, vomiting, cancer fainting type of epilepsy, symptoms such as arms and legs of his lack of power loss occurs because of cells with cancer. Why exactly is not known. Familial predisposition, some virus infections refining, rubber and paint. Among risk factors, industry, etc. to work.

Tumors in the brain of patients are often particularly menacing – intensive support and professional advice even beyond the borders of each discipline also are therefore particularly important. In Neuro-head center at Klinikum rechts der Isar was now in two new assistant medical clinics which have extensive experience in the field of brain tumors are: Dr. Jürgen Kreutzer reinforced Hypophysentumore a specialist for the team at Hospital Director Prof. Bernhard Meyer the Department of Neurosurgery, the expert on brain tumors, Dr. Friederike Schmidt has recently with Prof. Bernhard Hemmer in the Neurology Clinic operates. Both work in the treatment of their patients work closely with our colleagues of the other disciplines together.

Through the nose to the brain

The hypophysis (pituitary gland) is the most important overall hormone production center of the human body. Malfunction of the pituitary gland, such as by tumors, influence on the metabolism of virtually every body function. The minimally invasive surgical therapy of these tumors through the nose (transsphenoidale surgery) is the specialty of Dr. Jürgen Kreutzer.

The neurosurgeon has a special expertise in the field of cross-disciplinary management and operative treatment of these tumors through its nine years of activity in the Neurosurgical University Clinic Erlangen his mentor now retired Professor Fahlbusch, one of the world’s most famous Hypophysenchirurgen purchased. In recent years, he headed there and looked Hypophysensprechstunde total about 3500 patients with tumors of the Hypophysenregion. His operational experience includes more than 400 transsphenoidale interference.

Kreutzer explained: “The minimally invasive surgery on the nose, usually between one and two hours in duration anesthesia is very safe and is supported by most patients tolerate well. Except for a slight head pressure and a little swollen nasal mucous membranes, such as a slight flu infection, the majority of patients after the operation, no complaints. The rate of serious operative complications is very low at 0.5%. “The operation requires the most modern technology – in addition to the operating microscope, the neuronavigation and endoscopy, a procedure which the orientation in three-dimensional space supported.

The operative treatment of tumors of the pituitary gland is normally despite advances in drug research for most patients is still the first therapeutic choice. Kreutzer: “It is therefore for our patients is extremely important, an experienced neurosurgeon for consideration at their side to know an overview of all possible treatment approaches – operational, but also conservative – has. Because the optimal care of patients with Hypophysentumoren is due to the complexity of the disease only Images fold across, especially in cooperation with the hormone doctors (endocrinologist), possible. ”

Individual approach to treating brain tumors

To the treatment options for patients with brain tumors and to further improve research in this area to intensify, also has the Neurology Clinic for their expertise and expanded its range: in the Spezialambulanz “neuro-oncology,” Dr. Friederike Schmidt serves patients with various brain tumors and tumors in area of the spine. She worked previously for over ten years in the Neurological University Clinic in Tübingen. Their priorities lie in the treatment of glioma (malignant brain tumors such as own glioblastomas), lymphomas, or metastases in the nervous system. Schmidt: “The patients, both immediately after the first diagnosis as well as in the course of the disease when a new tumor growth or even to obtain a second opinion about our therapy. Our goal is it, one for each patient individually tailored approach to therapy that is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary vote. The ambulance neuroonkologische assumes the coordination of the various treatment options, which usually begin with an operation. ”

Especially at heart Schmidt also the research: “For many years could be particularly glioblastoma patients with only limited help. Because the disease progresses rapidly and usually continue to be important neurological functions restricted, so that even the quality of life significantly deteriorated very rapidly. Because of poor survival prognosis of only about a year, it is particularly important that research in this area forward. Precisely because of gliomas, it is propagated from a scientific point of view patients as part of studies and new treatment therapies can be used. “For the doctor includes, besides an optimal patient care and clinical studies and molecular studies in the laboratory, where tissue from brain tumors studied and evaluated to their core functions.

Otmar D. Wiestler Freiburg has studied medicine and was also a PhD (1984). After a postdoctoral stay at the Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, USA, he became first assistant physician, and later Head of the department of neuropathology at the Institute of Pathology of the University Hospital of Zurich. In Zurich, the Habilitation in the field of pathology (1990). In 1992 he became director of the Institute of Neuropathology at the University of Bonn, since 2004 he has been Chairman of the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg. Wiestler is inter alia a member of the Medical Advisory Board and Board of Trustees of the Deutsche Krebshilfe, he directs the Technical Theoretical Medicine of the German Research Foundation, is Chairman of the Board of the Stem Cell Network North Rhine-Westphalia and CEO of medical technology platform LIFE & BRAIN GmbH in Bonn. His research topics include: Molecular genetic basis of tumor formation in the nervous system, neural stem cells and Reconstructive Neurobiology, Pathogenesis of human temporal lobe epilepsies. In 2001, chose the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina member Otmar Wiestler (Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine).

Medulloblastoma usually occur between the ages 3 to 15 years and come from so-called granular cell neurons from. These are nerve cells of the cerebellum, which during normal development of precisely defined stages of cell proliferation, migration and maturation through. The function of the regulator protein Barhl1 is primarily for reproduction and migration of cells important grains; still occur in a permanent loss of this protein ( “knockout”) significant disruption in these processes. During the subsequent maturation of granular cells and in the healthy adult cerebellum is Barhl1 not demonstrate in medulloblastomas, however, it is permanently active. “The physiological or therapeutic function of the off Barhl1 could be the growth of tumors to prevent or slow down,” the Munich scientists believe. To confirm this hypothesis is one of Schüller in the United States developed a mouse model used, where the animals due to a genetic defect within the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in the medium already after about one months their tumors succumb. The introduction of a Barhl1 knockouts in this model is to bring information about the extent to which training of medulloblastomas from Barhl1 function depends. “Emergence of tumors no longer Barhl1-deficient animals or the tumors are less aggressive, this is an important or even essential role of Barhl1 during tumor growth, which may be therapeutically could attack,” said Schueller. Regardless of the project should also clarify whether it is in human medulloblastomas a correlation between the amount of protein Barhl1 and the clinical course of patients there. In the positive case could be the basis of such a biomarker not only the prognosis of individual patients but also to better assess the aggressiveness of the necessary chemotherapy customize. “Still too many dying children in medulloblastomas and lifelong consequences of the available radiation and chemotherapy are absolutely unacceptable,” says Schüller the need for new scientific approaches together.

The project manager directs the Center for Neuropathology at the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, the independent junior research group “Neuro-Oncology.” For further information please contact Dr. Ulrich Schüller (ulrich.schueller @ lmu.de, 089/2180-78114).

The Wilhelm Sander Foundation supports this research project with over 100,000 €.
Foundation Foundation is the purpose of medical research, particularly projects in the framework of the fight against cancer. Since the founding of the Foundation were a total of over 160 million euros for research in Germany and Switzerland approved. The foundation is from the estate of the same operator appears in 1973 died.

Brain tumors can be very different places in the brain occur. There are also many different types of tumors in the brain. The most important occurring in the infant brain tumors include:

* Gliomas: Glioma is a collective term for tumors that are out of Neuroglia. As Neuroglia the supporting tissue of the skin and nervous system means. Gliomas are usually of the Neuroglia of the brain. Particularly common is a form of gliomas, the so-called astrocytoma.
* Medulloblastoma are also known as cerebellar worm “means.
* Ependymoma: From Empendym outgoing glial tumor. The Empendym is a single-cell lining of the glial cells of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.
* Kraniopharyngeome, also known as Erdheim tumor is a tumor that is already in an embryo by an aberration in the field of Hypophysentasche forms (Rathke-pouch).
* Meningeome: Meningeome are slow-growing benign tumors that are of the meninges, the Deckzellen the Arachnoidea mater (cobwebs skin) of the brain and spinal cord out.
* Hypophysenadenom: Hypophysenadenom are tumors of the pituitary gland or pituitary gland. Some of these tumors produce hormones involved in the control and regulation in the pituitary intervene. An example of a hormone is the active Hypophysenadenom Prolaktinom, which is described here. A description hormoninaktiver Hypophysenadenom can be found here.

1 in 3000 children is affected.
The brain tumors represent 20 percent of the largest group of cancer in childhood dar. The frequency of occurrence of a brain tumor in childhood disease is 1 per 3000 children, with all age groups may be affected. The most common brain tumors but occur before the tenth year of life.

The symptoms depend on the type of tumor, from the place in the brain and the size of the tumor from.
The symptoms can vary greatly. They depend on the one hand by Tumortyp, on the other hand, the localization of the disease and the size of the tumor from. Very often, however,

* Headache
* Seizures
* Vomiting
* Disturbances of consciousness

Depending on the tumor localization are more symptoms:

* Cerebellum (eg, medulloblastoma, Kleinhirnastrozytom, Epdendymom): muscle relaxation, unstable walking, trembling and uncertainty during execution of movements, uncontrolled movements of the eyeballs, speech disorder.
* Brainstem (eg, astrocytoma and other gliomas): hemiplegia, eye and facial muscle paralysis, difficulty swallowing, mood changes.
* Midbrain (eg astrocytoma, Kraniopharyngeom, Hypophysenadenom): visual disturbances, disturbances of temperature regulation and fluid homeostasis, growth and sleep disorders.
* Cerebrum (eg astrocytoma, Meningeom, ependymoma): hemiplegia, mental disorder, sensitivity disorder, visual and speech disturbances.

Extensive investigations are necessary.
To diagnose a brain tumor, the complaints, physical examination findings and the EEG investigation (EEG: electroencephalography, a recording of brain waves) and X-ray examination, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the head. Also, the investigation of nervous water (Liquoruntersuchung) may provide further clues. The nerve of water is through a so-called lumbar puncture, ie the puncture of the vertebral canal at the level of the lumbar spine obtained. A description can be found here.

The therapy must be individually.
The choice of therapy depends on the type of the tumor as well as its localization and size. In general, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical removal include, alone or in combination. The prognosis depends on tumor, site and size, but also the age of the child: With increasing age of children improves the prognosis. 8 years after treatment are still alive 40 percent of children with medulloblastoma, 75 percent of patients with astrocytoma, about 10 percent of those affected with a tumor located in the brainstem and 70 to 80 percent of children with a Kraniopharyngeom.

There is an important aspect of the tumors in the brain differs from other tumors: The brain is embedded in the solid bony skull and has hardly any alternatives. The pressure in the very brain tissue pressure rises with each tumor growth slightly. Therefore, even benign tumors, only the crowd grow and not in other organs absiedeln, lead to serious damage and even brain tumors (Engl. brain tumor)

Brain tumors are rare malignant diseases of the brain. There are two types of brain tumors. The primary brain tumors are formed from different cell types of the brain (eg Neuroepithel, ganglion cells, meninges, nerve sheaths, or pituitary tissue), secondary brain tumors are metastases (= Tochtergeschwülste) from other organs or go from the brain from surrounding bone. Since the cells that make up a brain tumor can form very differently, there are also different types of tumors (gliomas, Meningeome, Hypophysenadenom and neurinomas). The aggressiveness of the tumor depends on what cells it is formed. His chances of cure depend on the tumor and the exact localization from.

The proportion of all brain tumors in the population of tumors is 7 -9%. Men are from the disease slightly more often affected than women. Brain tumors come at any age, but there are a disease incidence between the 3rd to 12 Age and the 40th to 70 Year of life.

What are the causes?

The exact causes for the emergence of a brain tumor are unclear. Discusses genetic and hormonal factors, and oncogenic viruses (= tumor virus), exogenous carcinogens (coming from the outside, kreberzeugende material) and brain injuries.

What are the symptoms of brain tumors?

The complaints arise will depend on the size, growth rate and the localization of the tumor from. However, the complaints do not always translate directly to the disease out.

The most common symptoms include:

* Headache, which begin at night and in the course of the day improved;
* Nausea and vomiting sudden strong;
* Dizziness;
* Decrease in performance;
* Failure phenomena such as coordination disorders, visual, speech and hearing, paralysis;
* Confusion and forgetfulness;
* Personality changes;
* Hormonal disorders;
* Epileptic seizures.

Which diagnostic procedures are performed?

The diagnostic procedure used to the situation, spread, tumors and the degree of disorder observed. After definition of the WHO (World Health Organization), there are four degrees of the disease. Grade I tumors grow very slowly and are considered to be benign (benign) tumors described. Grade II tumors grow slightly faster, but still a semi-benign (semibenigne) views. Grade III tumors from spreading quickly in the brain and are malignant. The most aggressive tumors grow very fast (Grade IV).

The following investigations can be used for an accurate diagnosis be used:

* The localization and often the tumor can be performed using computed tomography (CT) of the head or magnetic resonance imaging can be determined.
* If the tumor after this investigation is not clearly identifiable, it may be necessary, a tissue sample (stereotactic biopsy) for details.
* Whether the cancer has also affected blood vessels, can be used with the digital Subtraktionsangiographie detected.
* For the treatment planning can be the measurement of brain waves (EEG) makes sense.
* To control the spread of the tumor to determine a sampling of CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) via lumbar puncture necessary. A sample of this fluid with a needle in the lumbar area of the flow.
* Blood tests to determine specific tumor markers provide information about the course of the disease.

What treatments are used?

The treatments depend on the tumor, the localization and the aggressiveness of the tumor (tumor grade). A certain influence is also the age of the patients. For many tumor types, a complete surgical removal of the tumor sought. However, it may happen that the tumor in an unfavorable position or in the important parts of the brain is hineingewachsen. Even a complete removal of multiple tumors is usually not feasible. Then he will just as much tumor tissue as possible removed, but also to increase the chances of a cure contribute. Growing tumor after surgery, so the radiation and chemotherapy are used. Certain tumors of the pituitary gland, so called Hypophysenadenom, may also be hormonally treated.

What are the chances of cure?

Generally, the earlier a tumor is detected and treated, the better the chances of a cure. Crucial to the prognosis but also the degree of aggressiveness, the origin of the tumor, the quality of treatment and the health status and the age of the patients. Thus, the life expectancy for tumors of grade I is not less than the normal population. One limitation of the quality of life, for example in the form of reduced performance is possible. For tumors of grade II cure 50 to 80%. The disease progression in patients with grade III tumors are very different. If a tumor is of Grade IV, it is the 5-year survival rate five percent.

Brain tumors are rare malignant tumors that arise from different cells can form. This leads to an uncontrolled proliferation and growth of cells in the brain tissue. Depending on the cell from which the tumor has formed, a distinction is made between different tumor types such as Gliomas, Meningeome, Hypophysenadenom and neurinomas.

There are 2 types of brain tumors:

1. primary brain tumors, are formed from different cell types of the brain, eg Neuroepithel and meninges (the primary tumor is located in the brain)

2. Secondary brain tumors are Tochtergeschwülste (metastasis) of cancers of other organs to migrate into the brain or metastases.

The WHO (World Health Organization) distinguishes between benign (benign) and malignant (malignant) brain tumors. Classification of grade 1 (benign) to grade 4 (malignant). This corresponds to a grade 1 benign, slow growing tumor with favorable prognosis and grade 4 a malignant, rapidly growing tumor with poor prognosis. This division plays later in the treatment planning is important.

Benign brain tumors do not grow into the surrounding tissue and into metastasieren (spread) is not. Due to the unbridled growth, they can, inter alia, the crowd surrounding tissue, the flow of brain fluid (Liquorabfluss) more difficult and lead to increased intracranial pressure, which is fatal for the patient can be. “Benign” in the sense only in relation to the infiltration, because the surrounding tissue of the tumor cells are not infected. The prospect of a cure are at complete removal of benign tumor is very large.

Malignant brain tumors grow on the other hand, infiltrative, and have no sharp boundary. After surgery, it is often to a relapse (recurrence), because individual cells in the surrounding tissues may always remain.

Among the most common brain tumors include:

* Gliomas: come most frequently before and 50% of all primary tumors. Gliomas are similar to glial cells and glia are derived from precursor cells in the central nervous system from.

* Medulloblastoma: malignant and most frequent tumor in childhood. The tumor has its origin in the cerebellum and is spreading rapidly into the surrounding tissue from metastatic preferred Liquorraum and in the brainstem.

* Meningeome: these are mostly benign, slow-growing tumors that arise from the hides brain (meninges) or skin form of the spinal cord. They are due to the slow growth until late or randomly detected when the tumor adjacent brain structures already has shifted and their function impaired. Meningeome rarely form metastases.

* Neurinomas: come mostly in the posterior fossa and are among the most benign, slow-growing tumors. They differentiate themselves from the Schwann cells, the nerves surrounding the brain. The eighth Hirnnerv which the auditory and balance sense gives (N. vestibulocochlearis) is most commonly affected. Neurinomas are no metastases.

* Lymphoma: evolving from lymphocytes (cells necessary for the body’s own defenses are responsible). They belong to the malignant tumors that originate from the lymphoid tissue. Although the brain has no lymphatic organs, lymphomas can also emerge, with the cause of this process is still unclear. This tumor frequently occurs particularly in patients with AIDS and immunosuppressed patients.

* Hypophysenadenom: belong to the benign brain tumors (with a good prognosis) and grow in the pituitary gland and the brain base.

Some of these tumors can form their own hormones, for example, Growth disorders or menstrual disorders may cause.

Brain tumors represent approximately 7-9% of all cancers. In Germany, each year approximately 8,000 people newly out, according to estimates by the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin. It is a disease incidence between the 3-12 Year of life before, and the 65th – 85 Year of life, with a brain tumor at any age can occur. Men are from this disease more often affected than women. When children are often diagnosed with primary brain tumors in adults and are often metastatic, ie secondary brain tumors, before.

Typical symptoms are frequent headaches, vomiting, neurologic symptoms and paralysis, depending on where the tumor is localized. The chance of cure is dependent on localization of the tumor and the tumor in the brain.

Causes

Despite intensive research has been the exact causes for the emergence of brain tumors has not yet been clarified. Risks and living habits, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, in other cancers are always in the foreground, obviously play in the emergence of a Gehirntumorm not essential. As risk factors are discussed ionizing radiation, genetic and hormonal factors, carcinogenic substances, and oncogenic viruses (tumor viruses), and certain chemicals (pesticides, herbicides). Enabling factors include certain diseases and their treatments, such as it was in some HIV-infected patients, with progression of the disease also increases the risk that a brain tumor develops.

Symptoms

A brain tumor is often a long time hidden in the beginning because it causes little discomfort. The tumor is usually diagnosed late, because the symptoms are not specific and may be ambiguous, including the first and most common symptom, headache.

Typical symptoms of the existence of a brain tumor may be indicative are:

* Headache, new onset and often, especially at night and early morning, which also increasingly are lying, but will spontaneously improve
* Dizziness voice and visual disturbances
* Stauungspapille (rare)
* Nausea and vomiting, slug-like, usually early in the morning, when the patient is sober and no gastro-intestinal disease, often signs of increased intracranial pressure
* Seizures, involuntary twitching of a limb or a body half
* Neurological failure, paralysis
* Coordination disorder, clumsiness, and forgetfulness
* Personality changes

Headaches, which caused by a brain tumor, are with the course of the disease within a few days to weeks and are always heavy with conventional painkillers hardly be alleviated. But there are always cases where the parties do not have a headache.

Diagnosis

It consists of a suspected brain tumor, various diagnostic methods. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the better the chances of a cure. In addition to questioning (medical history) and physical examination, imaging techniques are used.

The diagnosis is primarily on computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) asked. In CT X-rays are used to penetrate the brain and cut pictures represent, so you can tumors, hemorrhage and calcifications clearly. In contrast, MRI is working with radio waves and magnetic fields, the irregularities in the brain in more detail visible.

As a further diagnostic procedures are available:

* EEG (electroencephalogram) measures electrical potentials of the nerve, but may also be inconspicuous PET (positron emission tomography)
* Rötgennativaufnahmen of the skull (excluding cranial osteolysis)
Angiography * (presentation of the cerebral vessels with contrast media)
Lumbar puncture * / Liquorpunktion, investigation of the nerve water
* Biopsy tissue from the tumor (rare)

If the suspicion of a malignant tumor, the biopsy with complete tumor removal, because otherwise when sampling the tumor cells in the healthy brain tissue can diversify. Therefore, biopsies before surgery and only rarely carried out in strict indication.

Differential Diagnosis

As a differential diagnosis mainly diseases with intracranial space exposures and neurodegenerative diseases in question, this can be:

- Subduralhämatom (Einblutung into a gap space of the skull)

- Brain haemorrhage

- Multiple sclerosis (inflammatory demyelinating disease of the nervous system)

- Meningitis (inflammation of the meninges)

- Hirnabszess

Therapy

The treatment of brain tumors is difficult and needs the patient and the tumor will be individually adapted.

Basically, the following options:

* Surgical removal
* Irradiation
* Chemotherapy

In brain tumors is the first therapy of choice, the operation, with a partial or complete removal of the tumor. Indicates that an operation is not possible / sensible, because the tumor to vital areas of the brain as Respiratory center adjacent to alternative methods. The operation is performed on the patient monitor to brain areas important to maintain.

The procedure is not painful and will almost always be under local anesthesia durchgeführt.Da the tumor by surgery is often not adequately treated, it is in many cases post-treatment is required. These include the radiation and chemotherapy.

The main effect of the irradiation damage is on a fast-growing tumor cells by ionizing radiation with sparing of surrounding tissue. The sole radiotherapy leads even among Keimzelltumoren of the pineal gland (Germinomen) to a complete cure. The planning of the fixed dose is not administered with a meeting, but in daily small doses over several weeks or several times a day as a small individual doses delivered. In doing so, the radiation directly to the tumor, only in exceptional cases, the surrounding area mitbestrahlt, eg in certain lymphomas. Some tumor cells are very strahlenempfindlich. The radiation sensitivity is due to the rapid cell division. As a frequent side effects of radiotherapy occur tiredness, fatigue, limited hair loss, headaches, and local skin irritation, but after the therapy are reversible.

In addition to conventional radiotherapy, there is the stereotactic radiosurgery, here is the tumor by an energy blast destroyed. In Radiosurgery is particularly the procedure of the Gamma Knife (cobalt unit) performed. These are measured simultaneously from 200 sources of gamma rays emitted radiation in the tumor tissue at a predetermined point, and thus meet the targeted tumor and damage the surrounding tissue largely unharmed.

Chemotherapy for brain tumors has, in contrast to other cancers a subordinate role. It is only a few tumor types successfully used, eg with lymphoma.

Depending on the tumor growth and localization, the chemotherapy is given intravenously, ie as an infusion or i.v. Injection, tablet or as infrequently as an injection into the Liquorraum administered. But still, a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy is preferred.

Forecast

The more a brain tumor is malignant, the worse the prognosis. That means the prognosis is dependent on the tumor and the localization in the brain.

After the degree of the WHO classification can also derive the forecast.

* WHO grade I: benign, slow growing tumor with good prognosis (Hypophysenadenom)
* WHO grade II or benign tumor, with a tendency to relapse education, can convert to malignant tumors, a relatively good prognosis
* WHO grade III malignant tumor, after surgery, a radiation and / or chemotherapy is necessary, poor prognosis
* WHO Grade IV: very malignant tumor, rapid growth, after an operation is a radiation and / or chemotherapy is necessary, very poor prognosis (glioblastomas)

Again, the earlier a tumor is detected, the higher the chances of cure and the average life expectancy, as obtained by a targeted therapy in some cancers, and expression of growth delay and may alleviate the symptoms. If a tumor from a different region demonstrated brain metastases, so the forecast is again poor. Brain metastases limit survival much stronger than the primary tumor.
Information for patients

There are no specific measures to prevent a brain tumor. It should be generally against unnecessary radiation exposure to protect, especially from children should be preserved. The handling and contact with chemicals should also be avoided. Moreover, one can assume that a healthy lifestyle, the disease risk is limited.

In particular, family members should be attentive and sudden personality disorders, and abnormal symptoms (slug-like vomiting, headache becoming increasingly heated) by the patients themselves are not perceived to be serious, and possibly observe the patient to the doctor post. If the diagnosis, you can help with brain tumor or cancer support groups in touch and experience with other patients that are in the same situation. The German aid brain tumor has two telephone counseling services. First, the worries Phone (03437,999 68 67), which is always on Tuesdays 10:00 to 15:00 clock is occupied and in which the caller emotional support in coping with disease-related problems receive burdensome thoughts and feelings as well as address their own strengths and identify could mobilize.

The other offer is the information (03437.702 702), from Monday to Friday 9:00 to 16:00 clock can be contacted. It is superficial to the mediation of current, scientifically sound, understandable information. In order to provide a competent guide is independent and confidential to the individual concerns of the callers received.

In his book “Anatomy of an Illness” described the doctor learned the success of his self-prescribed Lachkur. They apparently insulates even physical inflammation reactions, which ultimately recovered cousins committed himself as a humor researcher at the University of California at Los Angeles.

The credo of such a miracle healings inspired community is Frohsinn not only protects against physical and mental illnesses, but can also cure. As the proceeding, but no one knew exactly. And so was the “therapeutic humor” a long time just outside the clinics and laboratories trailers. In view of many promising findings explore physicians and psychologists, however, recently reinforced the protective and therapeutic effect of our sense of humor.

Even the ancient philosopher Aristotle saw in laughter “a physical activity are of great value to health.” This general appreciation remains in force – although it is difficult, the claimed link between amusement and fitness scientifically demonstrated.

Main obstacle: the measurable impact that vocal salvos stakkatoartigen hold usually only briefly. The acute side effects of laughter are similar to those of physical activity – the muscles contract, the heartbeat accelerates, blood pressure, respiratory rate and oxygen turnover to rise. But even the laughter schallendste hardly lasts more than a few seconds.

How physiological tests in the 1930s showed, the muscle tone up to a three minutes after the laughter humiliated, say: The body relaxes. And the pain sensitivity is initially reduced. This is probably due to the release of endorphins, which in the brain, triggering feelings of pleasure, while the transmission of pain stimuli dampen. But soon everything is back to the Old – until the next Frohsinnsattacke.

The bill is often spread, a strong health-Haha seems so like 15 minutes jogging, seems so out of thin air – in any case, what the lasting effect on the cardiovascular system is concerned.

Another trail leads to the endogenous messenger substances: There are indications that the concentration of the stress hormone cortisol in the blood drops exhilarated people. As a permanently high cortisol levels demonstrated the immune system weakens, the mechanism can prepare against disease.

2007 registered researchers at the University of Osaka (Japan) also decreased levels of the messenger substance Chromogranin A (CGA) in the saliva of subjects that had previously seen a funny movie had, compared to viewers of a neutral video, CGA is used primarily by the adrenal medulla paid if our vegetative nervous system by psychological stress in riot equipment. The entertaining comedy which apparently opposite effect.

Enormous diversity of the Komische

However, other studies could reflect the impact of humor on the hormonal stress response does not confirm. One possible reason for this ambiguous image: The shapes of the Komische are extremely varied – from reading a cartoon or hear a corny jokes about self-irony, sarcasm, puns, laughing out of embarrassment, envy or gloating, to slapstick ä la “Dick und Doof”. Humor researchers Gelotologen also called (from the Greek gelos – laughter) differ up to 2500 functions. A lot of fun because we are busy or to smile at, laugh out loud but it is not necessarily.

Conversely, can not even laugh at each Humor close. The psychologist Robert Provine of the University of Maryland at Baltimore (USA) polled, only about every fifth of the average 20 Lacher, an adult day ausstößt, based on comedy. The largest part of our giggle and Geprustes transmit more messages: When we laugh, we signify approval, sympathy, and openness, play on aggression or boredom, confusion a sense of togetherness, or vice versa limitless others.

What the medical effects of Unernstes concerns, it is so precisely between laughter and humor to differentiate. The latter means above all a spiritual power – the ability to situations or people on very specific way. Many researchers are looking for the keys to the boon of wit consequently more in reflection than in immediate physiological responses.

The psychological equivalent of the resilience of the body is resilience. Behind this concept lies a kind of mental strength, such as the talent crisis or to cope with defeats, and even bitter experiences yet abzugewinnen something positive – whether the failure of a relationship or the loss of praise.

The psychologist Willibald Ruch in this area provides the greatest benefits of a strong tendency to laughter: “Humor strengthens the psyche,” is the personality researchers from the University of Zurich convinced.

In the same direction indicated as early as 1990 a study by Nancy Yovetich and colleagues at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA). The researchers College guides students to a pain test in the laboratory. While the volunteers an unpleasant shock awaited. heard some of them a funny story of the band, the rest got a dry dust presents its report.

Both the “bespaßten” victims as well as just reach the heart rate remained stable – the sign of their anxiety – remains high. Nevertheless, the participants were from the group wit the expected pain serene preclude such subsequent survey showed. The difference was, therefore, the contents of the preview. Comic angst seemed to solve: not neutral distraction. That said, moreover, that those participants in the previous personality test as lachfreudiger shown an overall greater pain tolerance demonstrated.

At the same results were also Ruch and his staff Zweyer Karen and Barbara Velke 2004 – ice water in their attempt. The subjects had their forearm while in a bucket of cold water diving, within which recently caused an unpleasant stinging. Who endured the procedure, on average, longer? Those with a great sense of humor – as measured by their response to a seven »Mr. Bean “show: Persons with lively joy mimic expression of the sketch during the cold stimulus endured stoically behind.

Fortunately, there is – the joke!

The individual sense of humor identified as the State-Trait cheerfulness-inventory (STHI), a questionnaire survey of humor slope. The mid-1990s it had developed with colleagues Ruch. The test questions STHI to differentiate between the current mood (state) – triggered by some humorous – and the permanent tendency (trait), in such respect, or even to produce. As an Internet survey of more than 2500 people showed grows with the Humorfaible the life satisfaction: who appreciates humor, is bottom line happier.

In an earlier attempt had the same humor researchers already experimentally demonstrated. Subjects solved a series of simple tasks in an extremely drab, black painted room – a second group was allowed on the other hand, the same test in a cozy, bright room training. The current environment did its effect in subsequent mood test volunteers cut out the “scary room” much worse. And once again, were contemporaries of humor with a high propensity advantage. You put the meager surroundings less.

But what exactly distinguishes a humorous about the “serious” view of things? After Inkongruenztheorie wit and humor is mostly a mental rotation basis, a paradox or Deplatzierung: Funny, when coming together, what does not belong together. Simple example: “Can you tell me what time it is?” Squire Answer: “Yes.” – A not particularly original, but funny in a double sense replica.

Just as humor often arises here, if expectations about what others think or want to run into the void. Who does not understand that question at the time focusing on the remains closed Pointe. Empathic skills shortages, for example, autistic people recognize the humor of such utterances are not.

However there is still a further ingredient, somewhat amused. Finally coaxed us not every misunderstanding or cheerful chortle puzzle. What is missing here is the surprising resolution of the irregularity, the highlight of the whole thing in a new light appear. This is a mental change of perspective is necessary – and within a few moments. Thereafter, the phrase most witty, but no longer funny.
This “different view” keeps Michael Titze – Founder of humor Care Germany, an association for the promotion of therapeutic humor – is crucial because it helps a cognitive distance and the respective situation einzunehmen. Komik break deadlock pattern, relative to their own views and do so many situations the threat. In a word: What are you laughing, that’s a non to the kidneys.

“No doubt,” wrote Sigmund Freud in an essay of 1928, “the essence of humor is that you are spared the emotions with which the situation would cause, and with a joke about the possibility of such feeling is beyond expression.” In the humor as a pressure valve of the psyche Freud saw a relative of neurosis and delusion – and substantiated his thesis on the example of a person sentenced to death, on a Monday led to the scaffold is underway and ponders: “The week starts so good!” Who so on one’s own destiny joke could rise above his lot.

Admittedly, not every gag has the stuff to us about the evils of the world hinwegzutrösten. Also, mismatch and its surprising resolution not always necessary ingredients of comedy dar. The fun at the absurdity around without mental re-evaluation of: someone slipping on a banana peel or gebärdet are clumsy, tempting us to laugh, because it is beyond the scope of the usual or beyond socially acceptable. Such nonsense amusedly especially children – by the way, laugh more often than adults, namely up to 400-times a day!

Laughter from the blue

When so-called Lachyoga there is no cause for mirth. In recent years become popular exercises include diaphragmatic Gegacker on command, without anything that would be funny – except perhaps the situation itself, where a group of people suddenly in collective laughter erupts. If the avalanche once losgetreten, laughter reveals a similar effect to yawn: It infects.

Many participants of such courses reported by the dissolved mood, so the feelings of happiness, which they experience – and the providers advertise with the so-to-reach wellbeing. Is the “How-do-as-if” some have to make the humor shield to activate?

According to a classical theory of emotion feelings are rooted in our physical reactions: The American psychologist William James (1842-1910) and the Danish physiologist Carl Lange (1834-1900) argued at the end of the 19th Century, that man does not cry, because he is sad, but sad that he will if he is aware of the tears come. First arises the physiological arousal – the muscles are tense, the pulse races, sweat glands and tears open the floodgates – and then only arises from the current emotional state.

While this view later psychologists relativised: enabling people to artificially triggered palpitations times when joy and times interpret as anger, the path from body to spirit is not a one-way street. However, muscles and mimic perfectly the power to us in a certain mood to move.

The social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg, the once in a simple experiment to (see also G & GDossier 3 / 2006, p. 6). He put his subjects a pen into his mouth and asked them, either with the teeth or the lips einzuklemmen. In the first case, pull the corners of the mouth involuntarily with a smile high, in the second to make a face like three days of rain weather.

This small manipulation meant that the grinning volunteers subsequently presented comics were significantly funnier than those who mouth angle herunterklappten. So if even the contraction of facial muscles related to emotions leads – how happy it must only agree if the whole body trembles with laughter?

The Basel psychiatrist Marc Walter reported in a study of 20 elderly depressed patients who completed training humor, from a greater improvement in overall satisfaction than in the comparison group with standard therapy. Walter sees the joke sessions primarily an indirect benefit: “The patients are more open, to be lively in touch.” Humor and laughter led but not per se a relief – Psychotherapy with concomitant medication remained essential.

Even Jennifer Uecker man of the Ruhr-University Bochum depressed wants to help her to rediscover joke. It was however unexpected hurdles: Problems with perception of humor. Some patients (particularly serious question) often suffer from feelings about the disorder out of a reduced working memory or impaired empathy. The ability to adapt to the beginning of a joke to the punch and to remember the “real” intention of a person in mind, but are often essential in order to understand humor. Before you mentally relieving humor could practice, such barriers would have some training with the help of cognitive decline.

Even schizophrenia patients often show abnormalities in dealing with joy and humor – although other than Depressed. Psychotic utterances quickly measure unernsten Overly, overly literal meaning or to relate it to himself Additionally, schizophrenia worse by the laughter of their fellow human beings infected, making them an important element of the group sessions escapes.

Irina Falkenberg tested this in an experiment: They put the healthy and the sick in front of a computer screen on which times a cheerful countenance, seemed a sad times. After the face had disappeared, two arrows showing the direction in which the candidate test his own corners of the mouth should move. The arrows pointed upward, he should raise it (ie, smile), the arrows were directed downwards, was it a tragedy mouth up.

Healthy succeed mimic the joy quicker and easier when they face a pointed prepared. The same applies to the mourning countenance. In the incongruent conditions, on the other hand there are delays. Not so with schizophrenic: They always tend to the mouth angle hochzuziehen – no matter what they are presenting portraits.

The innovative stent system “Wingspan” (made by Boston Scientific) was established in a global study in 17 centers with a total of 45 patients on its efficacy and risks of testing. The leadership of the study was Professor Marius Hartmann, director of the Interventional Neuroradiology Section of the Department of Neuroradiology at the University Hospital of Heidelberg.

Patients who participated in the study had already suffered mild strokes, drugs, the blood is diluted, they have brought no improvement. By contrast, the implantation of the stent is very effective: At the beginning of the study was on average 75 percent of the vascular lumen of narrowed brain artery narrowed by atherosclerosis, six months after implantation, it was still 28 percent and the re-narrowing rate (relapse Stenoserate) was only 7 , 5 per cent. Only one patient died in the weeks after treatment, and two suffered a stroke.

Even the temporary use of stents, which actually narrowed in coronary vessels may be used, was less successful. The scientists even believe that these rigid stents the course of the disease rather negative influence. The “Wingspan” stent delivery system, however, is specifically designed for use in the brain have been developed. The stent has a very small diameter and is extremely flexible. This allows the skull inside confined spaces are treated with the previously used cardiovascular stents were unattainable.

The Wingspan Stent System consists of two components, a plastic tube (catheter), which at one end carries a balloon, through which the artery is expanded. Therefore, the catheter was introduced into the narrow and slowly inflated. The second component, the stent is a tiny, mesh-like metal tube, the catheter is located. The catheter is inserted into the vessel and into the narrowed area of particular mention, in the extended narrow the stent, which is unfolded by itself, is released and the receptacle for the blood flow kept open. “By using these flexible, self-expandable stents, the number of complications, such as violations of the cerebral vessels, are reduced,” explains Professor Hartmann. In 10 percent of patients with stroke is a brain vessel narrows

“        From the new therapy will benefit patients who repeatedly circulatory disturbances in the brain or suffer a stroke, which cause a narrowing of a blood vessel in the brain,” explains Professor Hartmann. About 10 percent of stroke patients are affected. The vasoconstriction can non-invasively with a special ultrasound examination of the skull found with the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also be assessed in detail.

Traditional healing systems fundamentally argue that chronic disease is generally the result of the breakdown of normal function. The two areas of specific importance to the body is not what they needed, a combination of dietary choice and digestive function, or the body is not what he can not use, principally the role of the liver and kidneys started.

The combination of this information has ForeverWell (www.foreverwell.com) spurred on by the ability of the digestive system to concentrate the necessary balance of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides as a key element in a strategy to prevent migraine cause. Intestine, for example, brain researchers have shown that 95% of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the digestive system is not the brain. It is interesting to serotonin the goal of early triptan migraine drugs, as well as the target of most antidepressants.

Nutrition research and product advances have caused raw materials, providing a very effective job of improving digestion of Leber-/Nierefunktion and now it can. “Gut-brain Therapy ™ is the result of searching the globe for raw materials, says the expertise and research to the development of unique products and unique approach to migraine prevention to allow” Tom Staverosky, president of ForeverWell. “We have nutritional medicine, critical care medicine, bioenergetic medicine, neurogastroenterology and all aspects of traditional medicine studied by our summaries and protocols to achieve”

Brain-gut Therapy ™ is the brain child of Dr. James Sensenig a leading naturopathic doctors of the nation. Dr. Sensenig is the founding president of the American Association of Naturopathic Doctors and Naturopathic the professor of philosophy at the Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine in Tempe, Arizona. He is in clinical practice in Hamden, Connecticut. Dr. Sensenig is a senior Head of ForeverWell.

“In my 30 years of practice, I have a considerable number of patients seen in each disease, which you yourself can imagine and in many cases the key to begin resumption in the intestine and the liver. Until these two critical organs are working properly, the body can not balance and health “states Dr. Sensenig decline. “I have found this to work with migraine patients to be especially true. There is little doubt that the various pain medications have a negative impact on the digestive system and this deterioration, must be repealed. I see throughout the gut-brain Theapy ™, a very positive improvement in my patients with migraine disease stimulate “.

New surgical procedures offer relief from debilitating migraine headaches, research to show.

The new surgical techniques were evaluated by an unexpected side effect to facial plastic surgery – specifically, a forehead rejuvenation procedure inspired. The report appears in the January issue of the Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Patients that undergo plastic surgery technique, the cut muscle in the forehead miteinbezieht reported that their migraine headaches disappeared, the researchers write Bahman Guyuron, MD, professor of plastic surgery with Case Western Reserve University and the American Migraine Center.

Based on this pattern, Guyuron and colleagues designed two surgical techniques that were designed specifically for migraine trigger points to identify and to treat migraine headaches. Their current study provides a report on the patients’ results.

Of the 125 migraine headache sufferers in his study, 100 received surgery and 25 received no treatment for comparison. Starting months before surgery, patients were injected with Botox to determine which muscles in the forehead or the back of the head triggered their migraines. If the injections Improving the migraine frequency or duration showed these muscles were surgically removed.

Both groups of patients kept diaries of their migraines, medical costs and sick days off work for the entire year of study.

The surgery group had the best results.

92% of patients had at least a 50% reduction in migraine frequency, duration or intensity. Of this group 35% reported that elimination of migraine headaches and 57% reported improvement. Only 15% of comparison patients reported good results during the year-long connection.

Out-of-pocket expenses for migraine headache care also changed dramatically. The surgery group paid $ 925 for medications during the first year after surgery, compared with average annual cost of $ 7,612 prior to surgery. The comparison group paid an average of $ 5,530 annually.

Surgery patients also nominated in the hospital less often because of migraine headaches. They had 73% a few sick days than comparison patients.

“Before surgery, my patients expressed extreme frustration by not been able to control their lives to win,” says Guyuron in a press note. “She wanted time with their families or spend edit. Through our new surgical discoveries we are able to fit patients to help the awful effects of migraines and to escape again, to begin to live their lives. ”

The most common side effects of surgery were discomfort at Einspritzungaufstellungsort, the erosion temple approach weakness, and Augenlidabsacken he says.

The migraine headache surgery offers the advantages that are not covered by the triptan medications are provided Guyuron explains. The drugs have a major advance in migraine treatment applied. But the need to end suffering migraine symptoms until the drugs have to endure to come into force. Also triptans cause drowsiness, weight gain and hair loss. People with heart disease, history of the attack or who are pregnant, you can not take triptans.

The procedure requires more testing and longer connection, before the term “cure” for which can be used by the migraine headache symptoms become free, he writes.